{"id":6254,"date":"2020-04-15T15:23:55","date_gmt":"2020-04-15T08:23:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landmines.org.vn\/?p=6254"},"modified":"2020-04-15T15:39:27","modified_gmt":"2020-04-15T08:39:27","slug":"khao-sat-bom-dan-chum-o-dong-nam-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/landmines.org.vn\/vi\/khao-sat-bom-dan-chum-o-dong-nam-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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M\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom ch\u00f9m, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bom bi, lo\u1ea1i BLU-26 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung t\u00e2m B\u00ecnh \u1ed5n v\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc James Madison, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Journal of Conventional Weapon Destruction, s\u1ed1 23.3. th\u00e1ng 1-2020. Ng\u00f4 Xu\u00e2n Hi\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u ti\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00f3m T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n Bom m\u00ecn (MAG), T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Na Uy (NPA), v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c HALO Trust (HALO), b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m: Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1<\/em> l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa MAG, NPA v\u00e0 HALO trong kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m \u1edf Campuchia, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 9 c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean (9MSP) C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Bom ch\u00f9m<\/em>, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Geneva th\u00e1ng 9-2019, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb 12 n\u0103m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t bom ch\u00f9m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m chung trinh b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp b\u00ean l\u1ec1 trong th\u1eddi gian 9MSP \u1edf Geneva c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c LHQ v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bom m\u00ecn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u1ea4n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00ean l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 quan t\u00e2m t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed0I C\u1ea2NH T\u1ea0I \u0110\u00d4NG NAM \u00c1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Campuchia, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u0110NA), c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. T\u00e0n d\u01b0 bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110NA \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i bom BLU kho\u1ea3ng 40 v\u00e0 65 n\u0103m, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 30%. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9m bom, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 cao n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m l\u00e2u n\u0103m. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a bom \u0111an ch\u00f9m trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ed7 l\u01b0c r\u00e0 ph\u00e1, bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tai n\u1ea1n, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e9m bom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, m\u1ed9t Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o n\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do lo s\u1ee3 hay nghi ng\u1edd. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m (CMRS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N CMRS \u1ede \u0110\u00d4NG NAM \u00c1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m, MAG, NPA v\u00e0 HALO \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n CMRS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NPA tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn suy ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00ecn s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng; tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m \u1edf Li-b\u0103ng n\u0103m 2006, Nam Sudan n\u0103m 2005, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa \u1edf Kosovo trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy c\u01a1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u00ecn s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i nghi ng\u1edd \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i X\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ed5 (EOD) c\u1ee7a NPA \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom ch\u00f9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2008, song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i L\u00e0o c\u1ee7a NPA s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i R\u00e0 ph\u00e1 Hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giao tranh (BAC) \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai r\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u r\u00e0 t\u00ecm kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ph\u1ea1m vi \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5, v\u00e0 CMRS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Geneva v\u1ec1 R\u00e0 ph\u00e1 bom m\u00ecn nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o (GICHD), Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CMRS ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, CMRS tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed4NG QUAN TH\u1ef0C TI\u1ec4N T\u1ed0T NH\u1ea4T TRONG CMRS<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

CMRS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Khu v\u1ef1c Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Nguy hi\u1ec3m (CHA) t\u1eeb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m. \u0110\u1ea7u ra ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a CMRS l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t CHA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a CMRS, n\u00ean lu\u00f4n bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e9m bom, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tai n\u1ea1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c (g\u1ed3m k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e9m bom t\u1eeb Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 (USAF) kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp do thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y; tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e9m bom USAF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong khu v\u1ef1c. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nhanh ch\u00f3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f9y theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh CMRS v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cu\u1ed1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u01b0u ti\u00ean CHA trong r\u00e0 ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 1: \u00d4 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n bom ch\u00f9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u00f4 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh bom ch\u00f9m, \u00f4 m\u00e0u xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u00ec, \u00f4 m\u00e0u xanh n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t theo sau vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u00f4 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 1km x 1km. \u00d4 r\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 50 m x 50 m v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 2.500 m2, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u00f4 r\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t. Ki\u1ec3u r\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i \u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 bao ph\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, m\u00e1y r\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t; tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 50% \u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0. Khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh r\u00e0, \u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e0u \u1edf H\u00ecnh 1, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m, vi\u1ec7c r\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ed9i sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sang \u00f4 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, vi\u1ec7c \u201cnh\u1ea3y\u201d \u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0110NA, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e9m bom ch\u00f9m d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch tr\u00f9ng l\u00ean nhau, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c CHA m\u00e0 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u m2 \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u00f4 \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t CHA. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb 1 \u00f4 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a CHA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u00edt t\u1ed1n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u00ean trong d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CMRS c\u00e1i m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh cho kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, n\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CMRS n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 r\u00e0 ph\u00e1, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ed5, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n CMRS. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a CMRS l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n trong c\u00e1c th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1edd gian trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch chia s\u1ebb c\u1edfi m\u1edf th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee7y n\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ea9m tra vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. CMRS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh khi m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft th\u00fac kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bom m\u00ecn qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c0 PH\u00c1 BOM \u0110\u1ea0N CH\u00d9M<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ranh gi\u1edbi CHA d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. R\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh CMRS v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111a gi\u00e1c CHA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00e0 ph\u00e1, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh CMRS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho \u0111\u1ed9i r\u00e0 ph\u00e1. V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 CMRS l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh qu\u00e1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a CHA, v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m tra \u0111\u1ecd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ec3 cho v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t sau CMRS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa NPA v\u00e0 MAG \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t NPA t\u1ea1o ra CHA \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i BAC c\u1ee7a MAG r\u00e0 ph\u00e1. MAG v\u00e0 NPA th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a CHA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh CMRS l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c r\u00e0 ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TI\u1ebeP THEO L\u00c0 G\u00cc?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CMRS th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra bao g\u1ed3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u00edch c\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u1edbi, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi CHA ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Bom ch\u00f9m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m \u1edf Campuchia, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. MAG, NPA v\u00e0 HALO s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i \u0110NA v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n CMRS t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c MAG-NPA-HALO l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n CMRS. G\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m trong khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh s\u1edf h\u1eefu qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i b\u1edfi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a 71 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0110NA v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Khu v\u1ef1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m. T\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 CMRS \u1edf \u0110NA c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6-2017, c\u0169ng do Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Na Uy \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a NPA \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n CMRS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CMRS r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng Bom m\u00ecn Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMAS) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bom m\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, CMRS hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong IMAS nh\u01b0 l\u00e0  m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c Ghi ch\u00e9p K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung c\u1ee7a IMAS v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a IMAS \u0111ang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00ecn s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1edf \u0110NA. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng Bom m\u00ecn Qu\u1ed1c gia (NMAS) t\u1ea1i \u0110NA tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 IMAS c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch NMAS n\u00eau ra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CMRS. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, MAG, NPA, v\u00e0 HALO tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi cho IMAS \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n CMRS \u1edf \u0110NA v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t Ghi ch\u00e9p K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bom m\u00ecn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi IMAS hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean Ban \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 IMAS v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m  \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CMRS trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CMRS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, bao g\u1ed3m mi\u1ec1n nam Iraq v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n nam Li-b\u0103ng. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi CHA thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ed5 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai r\u00e0 ph\u00e1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m, quy tr\u00ecnh CMRS \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kimberley McCosker<\/strong>, Jan Erik St\u00f8a<\/strong>, and Katherine Harrison<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m: Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa MAG, NPA v\u00e0 HALO trong kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 bom \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00f9m \u1edf Campuchia, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

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